CITATION GUIDE

The Following materials describe the proper citation style to use in your papers and bibliographies for AP European History. It is called the Chicago/Turabian style of citation and is in widespread use throughout academia. Note that it calls for footnotes, rather than in-text citations. The format for bibliographies in Turabian style is also different from the format in MLA, the style with which you are probably more familiar. Notice, too, that we would like you to annotate your bibliographies.
Turabian Style Format for Bibliographies
Based upon Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed., 1996.
(Copies available at Main and Science Library Reference and Reserve Desks call number LB2369 .T8 1996)
Note: Like the Chicago Manual of Style on which it is based, Turabian offers those in the natural and social sciences the option of using an author-date system with notes and parenthetical references. See chapters 10-11 of the Manual for details.

Type of Entry
Book--single author
Book--multiple authors
Encyclopedia article
Newspaper article
Magazine Article Journal article

Note Form (first note)*
1. Neil Sheehan, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (New York: Random House, 1988), 425.
2. John E. Schwarz and Thomas J. Volgy, The Forgotten American (New York: Norton, 1992), 42.
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. "cold war."
4. "The Wrong Issue in Bosnia," New York Times, 22 March 1996, sec. A, p. 26.
5. David Ansen, "Spielberg's Obsession," Newsweek, 20 December 1993, 112.
6. Christopher Policano, "Dueling Colas," Public Relations Journal41, no. 11 (1985): 16.

Bibliographic Form
Sheehan, Neil. A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam. New York: Random House, 1988.
Schwarz, John E., and Thomas J. Volgy. The Forgotten
American. New York: Norton, 1992.
None: "Well-known reference books are generally not listed in bibliographies" (8.112).
None: "News items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography... If a newspaper is cited only once or twice, a note...is sufficient" (11.44).
Ansen, David. "Spielberg's Obsession." Newsweek, 20 December 1993, 112-116.
Policano, Christopher. "Dueling Colas." Public Relations Journal 41,
no. 11 (1985): 16-17.

URL=http://www.libs.uga.edu/ref/turabian.html


Article from online database
Article from online database
Document from CD-ROM
Internet/World WideWeb site

7. Patrick O'Driscoll, "Baggage Conveyor Takes Suitcase Taste Test," Denver Post, 20 February 1994, B3, in LEXIS/NEXIS [database on-line], NEWS library, DPOST file; accessed May 13, 1996.
8. John R. McRae, "Buddhism," Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 2 (1995), in Periodical Abstracts Research [database on-line], UMI- Proquest, GALILEO; accessed May 13, 1996.
9. United Parcel Service, "1994 Report to Shareowners," 31 December 1994, in LaserD [CD- ROM] (Bethesda, MD: Disclosure, 1995).
10. Federal Election Commission,"Receipts of 1996 Presidential Pre-Nomination Campaigns"; available from http://www.fec.gov/pres96/ pres1b.jpg; Internet; accessed 13 May 1996.

None: "News items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography... If a newspaper is cited only once or twice, a note...is sufficient" (11.44).
McRae, John R. "Buddhism." Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 2
(1995): 354-371. Periodical Abstracts Research. Database on-line. UMI-Proquest, GALILEO; accessed May
13, 1996.
United Parcel Service. "1994 Report
To Shareowners," 31 December 1994. LaserD. CD-ROM. Bethesda, MD: Disclosure, 1995.
Federal Election Commission. "Receipts of 1996 Presidential Pre-
Nomination Campaigns." Available from http://www.fec. gov.pres96/pres1b.jpg. Internet; accessed 13 May 1996.

*"The place in the text where a note is introduced, whether footnote or endnote, is marked with an arabic numeral typed slightly above the line (superscript)" (8.7). "Note numbers preceding the footnotes themselves are preferably typed on the line, followed by a period. If the computer system used generates footnotes with superscript numbers, however, that is also acceptable" (8.10).
Format for Additional Note References
"Once a work has been cited in complete form, later references to it are shortened. For this, either short titles or the Latin abbreviation ibid. (for ibidem, "in the sameplace") should be used" (8.84).
Use this form after the first full reference when there are no

intervening references:
Use this form when there are no intervening references and the reference is to a different page in the same work:
Use this form when there are intervening references between the first full reference and this one (book and article titles may be shortened):

2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., 68.
12. Sheehan, Bright Shining Lie, 425.
13. Ansen, "Spielberg's Obsession," 116.

URL=http://www.libs.uga.edu/ref/turabian.html